IJMS, Free Full-Text
Por um escritor misterioso
Last updated 28 junho 2024
The firm integration of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) grafts into bones remains the most demanding challenge in ACL reconstruction, since graft loosening means graft failure. For a functional-tissue-engineered ACL substitute to be realized in future, robust bone attachment sites (entheses) have to be re-established. The latter comprise four tissue compartments (ligament, non-calcified and calcified fibrocartilage, separated by the tidemark, bone) forming a histological and biomechanical gradient at the attachment interface between the ACL and bone. The ACL enthesis is surrounded by the synovium and exposed to the intra-articular micromilieu. This review will picture and explain the peculiarities of these synovioentheseal complexes at the femoral and tibial attachment sites based on published data. Using this, emerging tissue engineering (TE) strategies addressing them will be discussed. Several material composites (e.g., polycaprolactone and silk fibroin) and manufacturing techniques (e.g., three-dimensional-/bio-printing, electrospinning, braiding and embroidering) have been applied to create zonal cell carriers (bi- or triphasic scaffolds) mimicking the ACL enthesis tissue gradients with appropriate topological parameters for zones. Functionalized or bioactive materials (e.g., collagen, tricalcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite and bioactive glass (BG)) or growth factors (e.g., bone morphogenetic proteins [BMP]-2) have been integrated to achieve the zone-dependent differentiation of precursor cells. However, the ACL entheses comprise individual (loading history) asymmetric and polar histoarchitectures. They result from the unique biomechanical microenvironment of overlapping tensile, compressive and shear forces involved in enthesis formation, maturation and maintenance. This review should provide a road map of key parameters to be considered in future in ACL interface TE approaches.
IJMS Free Full-Text Research Advances In Mechanical, 52% OFF
Ijms Free Full Text The Macrophages Microbiota Interplay In Irasutoya
Ijms Free Full Text The Effect Of The Chorion On Size
IJMS, Free Full-Text
IJMS, Free Full-Text
IJMS, Free Full-Text
IJMS, Free Full-Text
Recomendado para você
-
Spider Silk, TibiaWiki28 junho 2024
-
Spider Caves, TibiaWiki28 junho 2024
-
5 hours of crystal spiders later : r/TibiaMMO28 junho 2024
-
I did 3 GS tasks and all I got was this lousy knight armor : r28 junho 2024
-
Hunt for Paladins level 150+ in Exotic Cave (Diamonds + GFBs28 junho 2024
-
Spiders Can Teach Us About Mobility — Nature Comes Standard LLC28 junho 2024
-
Loading of the tibia–metatarsus joint of the hunting spider28 junho 2024
-
Tibiabosses.com - Mamma Longlegs by Bob Feio (Lutabra)28 junho 2024
-
Tibia - Today is your last chance of getting a famous ursagrodon28 junho 2024
-
Book Excerpt] Basic Spider Anatomy - Pest Control Technology28 junho 2024
você pode gostar
-
Sea of Stars Achievement Guide & Road Map28 junho 2024
-
NeweggBusiness - COUGAR Armor EVO Royal, Gaming Chair with Integrated 4-way Lumbar Support, Magnetic Neck Pillow, 180º Reclining, 4D Armrest28 junho 2024
-
COOL TOY REVIEW: NECA Street Fighter Akuma Photo Archive28 junho 2024
-
Human Grunt on X: more battlefield hardline sprites28 junho 2024
-
Conjunto de Figuras - Pokémon - 8 Bonecos - Battle Figure Multi28 junho 2024
-
Resultado de imagem para marilyn monroe morta assustador28 junho 2024
-
A Plague Tale: Requiem — Chapter 9 Windmill Puzzle Solution – GameSkinny28 junho 2024
-
Pokémon Adventures Diamond & Pearl / Platinum Box Set28 junho 2024
-
New] Happy Wheels 3, Happy Wheels 4, Happy Wheels Unblocked28 junho 2024
-
Jigokuraku – 01 – Random Curiosity28 junho 2024